Accessible architecture: how do you design a barrier-free building?
Accessibility is a plan decision, not an add-on
Accessibility is often thought of as a ramp added to the entrance at the end of a project. In fact it concerns the whole building, from the approach path to the toilets. If level changes, door widths, lift position and wet-room sizes are set at sketch stage, the extra cost is very low. Changing the same decisions after construction is expensive and often inadequate.
Approach and entrance
- Parking: accessible parking spaces of adequate width are provided nearest the entrance.
- Footpath: continues to the entrance with a non-slip, even, obstacle-free surface; tactile surfaces are used for people with visual impairments.
- Entrance level: the best solution is a step-free entrance. Where there is a level change, a ramp is designed with its gradient limited according to its length, with landings and handrails.
- Entrance door: a door with enough clear width that is easy to open or automatic is preferred.
Circulation inside the building
Corridors are planned with spaces where a wheelchair can turn comfortably. Doors need adequate clear width and manoeuvring space beside the handle. In multi-storey buildings, the lift must be accessible in its car size, control height and audible and visual signals. On stairs, handrails on both sides, contrasting nosings and regular riser heights increase safety.
Wet areas and service points
| Area | Watch out for |
|---|---|
| Accessible toilet | Turning space for a wheelchair, grab rails beside the WC, an outward-opening or sliding door. |
| Washbasin and mirror | A basin at a suitable height with clear space below; a mirror usable while seated. |
| Reception and counters | Part of the counter kept low; a suitable sound system for hearing aid users. |
| Controls and sockets | Switches, sockets and controls within reach of a seated person. |
Wayfinding: seeing, hearing, feeling
Accessibility is not only about wheelchairs. People with visual impairments need tactile surfaces, strong colour contrast and raised-letter signs; people with hearing impairments need visual alarm systems. Good wayfinding makes things easier for anyone using a building for the first time.
Standards and regulations
In Türkiye, the main reference for building accessibility is the TS 9111 standard. Zoning legislation also requires accessibility in buildings open to the public, and this is checked at permit stage. For the permit process, see our article on how to get a building permit. For dimensions and thresholds, check the current version of the standard and the relevant regulation when starting a project.
Common mistakes
- Adding a ramp to the entrance without calculating its gradient and landings.
- Using the accessible toilet as a storeroom or fitting it with an inward-opening door.
- Sizing the lift only with goods in mind.
- Relying only on text for wayfinding and forgetting contrast and tactile cues.
We explain the place of accessibility in educational buildings in our article on school building design.